Colorectal cancer, encompassing both colon and rectal cancers, is the third most diagnosed cancer and the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the United States. Despite its prevalence, early detection and proactive management can significantly improve outcomes. March, designated as Colorectal Cancer Awareness Month, is a pivotal time to learn more about this disease.
Understanding Colorectal Cancer
Colorectal cancer originates in the colon or rectum and parts of the large intestine. It typically begins as benign polyps, which can transform into malignant tumors over time. Early stages often present no symptoms, underscoring the importance of regular screenings.
Recognizing the Signs
While early colorectal cancer may be without symptoms, certain signs should prompt you to seek medical attention. Persistent changes in bowel habits, such as diarrhea, constipation, or a change in stool consistency that lasts more than a few days, are noteworthy. The presence of rectal bleeding or blood in your stool can be alarming and warrants an evaluation. If you experience persistent abdominal discomfort, including cramping, gas, or pain, it’s important to take note. Unexplained weight loss, when you haven’t changed your diet or exercise routine, should also be taken seriously. Additionally, feeling unusually tired or weak could be a sign of fatigue related to underlying issues. It’s essential to note that while these symptoms can be associated with other conditions like hemorrhoids or infections, their persistence should prompt a consultation with a healthcare provider.
Risk Factors and Prevention
Certain lifestyle and genetic factors can increase your risk of colorectal cancer. The risk tends to rise with age, particularly after 50. If you have a family history of colorectal cancer or polyps in close relatives, your risk could be elevated. Diets high in red and processed meats have been linked to a higher likelihood of developing colorectal cancer. Additionally, a sedentary lifestyle contributes to overall cancer risk, as does obesity, with excess body weight being associated with an increased risk of this type of cancer. To help prevent colorectal cancer, it is advisable to maintain a healthy diet rich in fiber, fruits, and vegetables, engage in regular physical activity, and avoid smoking and excessive alcohol consumption.
The Importance of Screening and Prevention
Screening is a powerful tool in preventing colorectal cancer. Finding and removing polyps before they become cancerous can significantly reduce risk. The American Cancer Society recommends individuals at average risk begin regular screenings at age 45. Those with a family history or other risk factors may need to start earlier.
What is a Colonoscopy?
A colonoscopy is widely regarded as the gold standard for colorectal cancer screening. This vital procedure involves a gastroenterologist examining the entire colon and rectum with a flex tube equipped with a camera. It’s not only diagnostic, but it also allows for detection and removal of polyps during the procedure.
By age 50, it is advised for everyone, regardless of gender or overall health, to begin scheduling a colonoscopy every 10 years. As we age, the risk of developing polyps and colorectal cancer increases, and routine screenings are crucial for early detection and treatment. However, you might need to consider earlier or more frequent screenings if you have a family history of bowel cancer or pre-existing conditions that affect your digestive system, including Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS), Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD), or a previous diagnosis of colorectal polyps.
Alternative Screening Methods
All screening methods are not equal, and it’s important to discuss the options with your primary care physician to determine the most appropriate screening strategy based on your risk factors.
The Fecal Immunochemical Test (FIT) is a non-invasive stool-based test that detects hidden blood in the stool, which can be an early sign of cancer. It is recommended annually and offers a convenient option for individuals who prefer to avoid more invasive procedures. The Stool DNA Test checks for specific DNA mutations and blood in the stool that might indicate colorectal cancer or precancerous polyps. Typically recommended every three years, this test can be done at home, with the sample mailed to a lab for analysis. CT Colonography, also known as Virtual Colonoscopy, is a minimally invasive imaging procedure that uses CT scans to produce detailed images of the colon and rectum. Recommended every five years, it may be an option for those who cannot undergo a standard colonoscopy. And finally, Flexible Sigmoidoscopy, which examines only the lower part of the colon, is similar to a colonoscopy but less extensive. It is typically recommended every five years and may be combined with stool-based tests for comprehensive screening.
Colorectal cancer is a significant health concern, but with awareness, regular screening, and early intervention, it is preventable and treatable. This March, take proactive steps: consult with your healthcare provider about screening, stay informed about symptoms, and encourage others to do the same. Early detection saves lives.
CRC FACTS
- 1 in 23 men and 1 in 25 women will be diagnosed in their lifetime.
- #2 cause of cancer death in the U.S.
- #3 most diagnosed cancer among men and women.
- An estimated 1,392,445 people are living with CRC in the U.S.
- 25%-30% have a family history of the disease.
- The incidence of early-onset colorectal cancer is expected to increase by more than 140% by 2030.
- More than 27,000 people under age 50 will be diagnosed in 2030.
- Among adults under 50, CRC is the #1 cause of cancer death in men and the #2 cause in women.
- The number of patients in the U.S. diagnosed under 55 years of age doubled from 11% in 1995 to 20% in 2019.
Sources: SEER Cancer Statistics, American Cancer Society, NCIB
Learn more by visiting colorectalcancer.org, cancer.org, preventcancerfoundation.org, and fightcolorectalcancer.org.
