Why are you holding back when you’d love to jump on the trampoline or laugh with your friends without worrying about urinary leakage? Stress urinary incontinence (SUI) is a common issue where urine leaks involuntarily during activities that put pressure on the bladder, like coughing, sneezing, laughing, or exercising. Leakage occurs when the muscles that support the bladder or control the urethral sphincter are not strong enough to prevent it.
Stress urinary incontinence (SUI) affects 25-45% of women, with prevalence influenced by age, pregnancy, and overall health. Key contributors include pelvic floor dysfunction, childbirth trauma, and aging-related changes.
WEAKENING OF PELVIC FLOOR MUSCLES
Pregnancy and Childbirth: The process of childbirth can stretch and weaken the pelvic floor muscles and connective tissues, leading to reduced support for the bladder and urethra.
Aging: Over time, the pelvic floor muscles and connective tissues can lose strength and elasticity, which can contribute to SUI.
HORMONAL CHANGES
Menopause: Decrease in estrogen levels during menopause can affect the health of the vaginal and urethral tissues and pelvic muscles, making them more prone to weakness.
INCREASED ABDOMINAL PRESSURE
Obesity: Excess weight increases pressure on the abdomen and pelvic floor, which can contribute to SUI.
Chronic Coughing: Persistent coughing, from chronic bronchitis or asthma, can put repeated stress on the bladder and pelvic floor.
GENETIC AND ANATOMICAL FACTORS
Genetics: Some women may be genetically predisposed to have weaker pelvic floor tissues or a predisposition to SUI.
Anatomical Variations: Anatomical factors, such as vaginal or uterine prolapse as well as congenital conditions, can affect the normal function of the pelvic support structures.
LIFESTYLE AND BEHAVIORAL FACTORS
High-Impact Activities: Activities that involve high-impact or repetitive stress on the pelvic floor, such as heavy lifting or intense physical exercise, can contribute to SUI.
Smoking: Smoking is associated with a negative effect on connective tissue health.
PREVIOUS SURGERIES OR MEDICAL CONDITIONS
Pelvic Surgery: Surgeries involving the pelvic region, such as hysterectomy, can sometimes affect the support structures and contribute to SUI.
Neurological Conditions: Certain neurological conditions that affect bladder control and pelvic muscle function may also contribute to SUI.
Several of these factors can interact and contribute to the condition. Addressing these underlying causes through lifestyle changes, physio-kinetic therapy, or medical interventions can help manage and potentially improve SUI.
MANAGING AND TREATING SUI
Pelvic Floor Exercises (Kegels): Strengthening the pelvic floor muscles can improve support for the bladder and reduce leakage. Qualified individuals specializing in pelvic health can guide you through exercises to train the bladder to hold urine longer. Medical devices, such as the InMode V-tone, activate the muscles electromagnetically, simulating hundreds of contractions, resulting in faster improvement in SUI symptoms.
Lifestyle Changes: Losing excess weight can reduce pressure on the pelvic muscles, improving bladder function. Reducing intake of caffeine and alcohol which can irritate the bladder, may improve symptoms.
Medical Treatments: Prescription medications may help, though they are not typically the first line of treatment. Support devices known as pessaries may also help provide bladder support.
Non-Surgical Treatments: InMode Empower RF, a noninvasive treatment using radiofrequency energy is applied to the tissue of the vagina and surrounding the urethra to stimulate collagen growth resulting in tightening and improved support.
Surgical Treatment: For more severe cases of stress-induced incontinence, surgical interventions like sling procedures or bladder neck suspension may be considered.
PHYSICAL AND PSYCHOSOCIAL COMPLICATIONS
Skin Irritation: Frequent urinary leakage can lead to skin irritation or dermatitis in the genital area.
Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs): SUI may increase the risk of infection due to the constant moisture and potential for bacterial growth.
Chronic Pelvic Pain: Discomfort from pelvic floor weakness or treatments may lead to pelvic discomfort.
Reduced Physical Activity: Fear of leakage can limit participation in physical activities or exercise, potentially leading to decreased fitness or obesity.
Emotional Distress: The embarrassment and stress from managing SUI can lead to anxiety, depression, or a reduced sense of self-esteem.
Social Isolation: Individuals might avoid social activities or gatherings to prevent leakage episodes, leading to social withdrawal and isolation.
Impact on Relationships: Stress urinary incontinence can affect intimate relationships, causing strain or discomfort in personal interactions.
Impact on Daily Activities: The need for frequent bathroom trips or the worry about leakage can interfere with daily routines and activities.
If you’re experiencing symptoms or concerns about SUI, consult with a physician for a thorough evaluation and to explore treatment options. By discussing your concerns or complications with a qualified healthcare provider, you can develop a personalized treatment plan to address your specific needs and effectively manage stress urinary incontinence – taking you from the sidelines to center stage!
Kendall Wagner, M.D. is a regular healthcare contributor to Do South Magazine.
Chaffee Crossing Clinic
11300 Roberts Boulevard, Fort Smith, Arkansas
479.242.5910 / chaffeecrossingclinic.com
